Plastic quantities entering oceans and freshwater systems annually is increasing substantially. 2010 estimates showed 0.17% of the ocean surface layer was at risk of microplastic (MP) exposure; predicted to increase to 0.52% in 2050 and 1.62% in 2100. The risks of MP exposure have been discussed in many studies, with an increased focus on behavioural studies of marine life. Animal behaviour comprises a suite of endpoints used to identify and characterise changes in organisms based on different stresses. Behavioural changes at the organism level have been shown to 1) establish a clear link between biochemical, cellular, physiological and ecological levels of biological organization, and 2) help elucidate impacts on the health of populations and ecosystems, which can be further used for conservation and environmental management. This literature review presents the results of the methodology behind MP studies where exposure and behavioural assay have been synthesized and critically analysed with suggestions for future baselines, making behavioural studies in aquatic environments more reflective of the actual environment.